French M51 Missile

Full Specifications

M51 French Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile

The M51 missile is the cornerstone of Frances sea based nuclear deterrent and one of the most advanced submarine launched ballistic missiles in service today. Designed to replace the earlier M45 system, M51 ensures Frances ability to maintain a credible second strike capability against any strategic adversary. It is deployed aboard Triomphant class nuclear ballistic missile submarines and operates as part of Frances Force de dissuasion.

Manufacturer

The M51 is developed and produced by ArianeGroup, formerly part of Airbus Safran Launchers, under contract from the French Ministry of Armed Forces. Development began in the 1990s, with the missile entering operational service in 2010. Ongoing upgrades, including the M51.2 and M51.3 variants, focus on improved accuracy, penetration aids, and future warhead integration.

Speed

M51 is a three stage solid fuel ballistic missile capable of hypersonic speeds well above Mach 20 during its midcourse flight phase. Like other intercontinental ballistic missiles, its speed varies by flight stage and trajectory, but it is optimized for rapid boost and long range delivery.

Range

The missile has an estimated range of over 8000 kilometers, allowing French submarines to strike targets across continents while remaining in protected patrol areas. This long reach significantly enhances survivability and deterrence credibility.

Cost / Price

Precise unit cost figures are classified, but estimates place the program cost in the several billion dollar range, including development, production, and life cycle support. Individual missile costs are believed to exceed 100 million USD.