Liaoning Aircraft Carrier

Full Specifications

Liaoning CV-16: China’s First Modern Aircraft Carrier

The Liaoning (CV-16) represents China’s first operational aircraft carrier and the foundation of the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s (PLAN) emerging carrier strike capability. Commissioned in 2012, the vessel marked a decisive shift in China’s maritime ambitions, transitioning the navy from coastal defense to blue-water operations. Initially built as the Soviet Varyag, the unfinished hull was acquired from Ukraine in 1998 and later refitted by Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company, transforming it into a modern training and operational platform.

Designed primarily to develop carrier aviation proficiency, the Liaoning uses a STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) configuration, employing a ski-jump ramp instead of catapults. This limits aircraft launch weight but streamlines operations for the carrier’s primary fighter, the Shenyang J-15. Complementing these fighters are helicopters for airborne early warning, anti-submarine warfare, and logistics support.

With a displacement of roughly 60,000–66,000 tons, Liaoning is powered by conventional steam turbines, enabling speeds up to 30 knots and operating endurance suited for extended regional patrols. The vessel is equipped with a modern command-and-control suite, 3D surveillance radars, and defensive systems such as the Type 1130 CIWS and HQ-10 short-range SAMs to counter close-in threats.

Operationally, Liaoning has participated in multiple Western Pacific deployments and high-profile exercises, serving as the PLAN’s primary carrier training platform. It also acts as a precursor to China’s more advanced carriers, including the Shandong and the CATOBAR-capable Fujian, offering insight into the evolving doctrine and capabilities of China’s naval aviation forces.

For U.S. defense observers, the Liaoning remains a key benchmark for assessing China’s carrier development trajectory, naval modernization pace, and strategic intent in the Indo-Pacific.