Tu 22M Bomber

Full Specifications

Russian Tu 22M Backfire Supersonic Strike Bomber

The Tu 22M, known in NATO reporting as Backfire, is a long range supersonic bomber designed for deep strike, maritime attack, and nuclear deterrence. Built during the Cold War, it remains a key part of Russia’s long range aviation force. The aircraft was developed to threaten U.S. carrier strike groups, strategic targets, and critical infrastructure across vast distances.

Manufacturer

The Tu 22M was developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in the former Soviet Union. Production took place at Kazan Aviation Plant, with multiple variants entering service from the early 1970s onward. The most capable version in service today is the Tu 22M3.

Speed and Range

The bomber is capable of sustained supersonic flight, with a maximum speed of around Mach 1.9 at altitude. Its variable geometry wings allow efficient cruise and high speed dash performance. The Tu 22M3 has an operational range exceeding 6800 kilometers, with a combat radius suitable for long range maritime strike missions without refueling.

Cost and Role

Unit cost estimates vary, but modernized Tu 22M3 aircraft are believed to cost over 300 million USD when upgrades and support systems are included. The aircraft is optimized to carry heavy anti ship and land attack missiles such as the Kh 22 and Kh 32, along with conventional or nuclear gravity bombs.

Operationally, the Tu 22M has seen combat use in Afghanistan, Syria, and Ukraine, primarily in long range strike roles. Despite its age, continued avionics, weapons, and electronic warfare upgrades keep it relevant for standoff attack missions against high value targets.