KH-11 Reconnaissance Satellite

Full Specifications

KH-11 Advanced Reconnaissance Satellite

The KH-11 reconnaissance satellite is one of the most important space based intelligence assets operated by the United States. Developed during the Cold War and continuously upgraded, it forms the backbone of U.S. optical intelligence gathering from orbit.

Manufacturer and Mission Role

The KH-11 program was developed by Lockheed Martin for U.S. intelligence agencies, including the National Reconnaissance Office. Its primary role is intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, often referred to as ISR. The system supports strategic warning, military planning, arms control monitoring, and real time battlefield awareness.

Core Capabilities and Technology

KH-11 operates in low Earth orbit and uses a large optical telescope with digital imaging sensors. Unlike early film return satellites, KH-11 transmits imagery directly to ground stations using encrypted satellite communications. The satellite can collect detailed images day and night and is believed to integrate infrared and electronic intelligence payloads in later variants.

With sub meter optical resolution, KH-11 can identify military equipment, infrastructure changes, and troop movements. Its sun synchronous orbit allows consistent lighting conditions, improving image comparison over time. Advanced attitude control systems enable precise targeting and rapid retasking.

Operational Use

KH-11 satellites have been used in nearly every major U.S. military operation since the late 1970s. They support combat operations, crisis monitoring, treaty verification, and global security assessments. Data collected is shared across U.S. defense and intelligence organizations to support decision making at the highest levels.

KH-11 Satellite Price

The KH-11 is not commercially sold. Estimated unit cost ranges from USD 600 to 700 million per satellite, reflecting advanced sensors, secure communications, and classified ground infrastructure. Total program costs are significantly higher due to launch, operations, and data processing networks.

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