Denmark Faces Greenland Challenge Amid U.S. Interest

Denmark Defends Greenland as Autonomy Grows

Denmark is confronting a complex defense and political challenge as Greenland steadily moves toward independence, even as U.S. interest in the territory grows. The Arctic region’s strategic importance has made Greenland central to Denmark’s geopolitical relevance.

European allies have expressed solidarity with Denmark after U.S. threats to acquire Greenland, highlighting the broader implications for international law and territorial sovereignty. According to political science professor Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark risks expending foreign policy resources to secure a territory whose population may ultimately choose independence.

Strategic Arctic Position

Greenland’s location is critical, sitting between Europe and North America and hosting key components of U.S. missile defense infrastructure. Copenhagen’s influence in Washington during the Cold War, often referred to as the “Greenland Card,” historically allowed Denmark to maintain lower defense spending while retaining strategic leverage.

However, Greenlanders have been moving toward self-determination since gaining autonomy and a local parliament in 1979. The 2009 agreement reaffirmed Greenlanders’ right to full independence, a goal supported by all major Greenlandic parties.

U.S. Interest and European Solidarity

President Donald Trump’s administration has indicated that all options remain on the table, including purchase or forceful acquisition. This prospect has rallied European nations behind Denmark, as relinquishing Greenland could set a precedent for territorial claims against smaller countries, challenging post-World War II international norms.

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Greenlandic Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen emphasized that sovereignty and international law underpin national borders. They reinforced that Greenland belongs to its people and cannot be annexed by another nation.

For Denmark, maintaining control of Greenland balances strategic necessity with the territory’s long-term aspirations for independence, a challenge that will shape Arctic geopolitics for years to come.