China’s military expansion is increasing U.S. security risks, the Pentagon said in its latest report on the People’s Liberation Army. The assessment highlights Beijing’s accelerated growth of nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers, and strategic capabilities.
The Department of Defense report describes China’s recent military buildup as historic, estimating six additional aircraft carriers by 2035, bringing its total fleet to nine, just behind the U.S. count of 11.
China’s nuclear stockpile, while in the low 600s at the end of 2024, is projected to surpass 1,000 warheads by 2030. The PLA has also advanced early-warning and counterstrike capabilities, allowing potential retaliatory strikes before incoming warheads detonate.
President Xi Jinping’s push for a “world-class” military reflects his goal to challenge U.S. global dominance by 2049. China’s official defense budget rose 5.2 percent in real terms from 2023 to 2024, though the Pentagon notes that actual spending likely exceeds the reported figures.
The report also highlights Beijing’s strategic ties with Russia, driven by shared interest in countering the U.S., but tempered by mutual distrust. Xi has directed forces to prepare for a potential Taiwan operation by 2027, learning lessons from Russia’s conflict in Ukraine regarding operational planning and modernization.
Amid rising tensions, U.S.-China diplomatic engagement continues. Former President Trump accepted an invitation from Xi to visit China in April 2026 and extended an invitation for a state visit to the U.S., emphasizing ongoing dialogue between the two powers.
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